An Analysis of Scottish Borrowers' Registers
Record ID 217130
Burmanni Virgil vol 2d & 3d
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Burmanni Virgil
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2, Volume 3
Confidence level: Certain
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Publii Virgilii Maronis Bucolica, Georgica, et Aeneis. Ex editione Petri Burmanni. ...
Language: Latin . Published: Glasgow. Date of publication: 1778. Format: folio. Pagination: 2v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 10 times in 7 borrowing records
ESTC: N22205
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Pastorals and Georgics of Virgil
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21), Genre: Poetry
Pastorals and Georgics of Virgil
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2, Volume 3
Record ID 217133
Olivet's Cicero vol 1st
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Marcus Tullius Cicero (Male, born BCE106-1-3, died BCE43-12-7)
Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Philosophy and Morality, Genre: Politics, Society and Political Economy
Oliveti Cicero
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Confidence level: Certain
Marcus Tullius Cicero (Male, born BCE106-1-3, died BCE43-12-7)
Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Philosophy and Morality, Genre: Politics, Society and Political Economy
M. Tulli Ciceronis opera, cum delectu commentariorum, ex editione Josephi Oliveti
Language: Latin . Published: Amsterdam. Date of publication: 1745-1747. Format: 4to. Pagination: 9 vols.
Editors: Olivet, Pierre-Joseph Thoulier
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 17 times in 10 borrowing records
Marcus Tullius Cicero (Male, born BCE106-1-3, died BCE43-12-7)
Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Philosophy and Morality, Genre: Politics, Society and Political Economy
Works of Cicero
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Marcus Tullius Cicero (Male, born BCE106-1-3, died BCE43-12-7), Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Philosophy and Morality, Genre: Politics, Society and Political Economy
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Record ID 217136
Trap's Virgil vol 1st
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Trapp's Virgil
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Confidence level: Certain
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
The works of Virgil: translated into English blank verse. With large explanatory notes, and critical observations. By Joseph Trapp D. D. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1731. Format: 12mo.
Translators: Joseph Trapp
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 18 times in 16 borrowing records
ESTC: T139433
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Works of Virgil
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21), Genre: Poetry
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Record ID 217139
Salmons Gazeteer
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767)
Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge, Genre: Travel
Salmon's Gazeteer
Confidence level: Certain
Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767)
Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge, Genre: Travel
The modern gazetteer: or, A short view of the several nations of the world. Absolutely necessary for rendering the public news, and other historical occurrences, intelligible and entertaining. Containing, I. An introduction to geography; with directions for the use of the terrestrial globe. II. The situation and extent of all the empires, kingdoms, states, provinces, and chief towns, in Europe, Asia, Africa, and America: also, a description of the most considerable seas, lakes, rivers and mountains, all rang’d in alphabetical order. III. The produce, manufactures, trade, constitution, forces, revenues, and religion, of the several countries. IV. The genealogies and families of the emperors, kings, and princes, now reigning. By Mr. Salmon.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1758. Format: 12mo.
Number of borrowings: 2
ESTC: N22214
Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767)
Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge, Genre: Travel
Modern Gazetteer: or, A Short View of the Several Nations of the World
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767), Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge, Genre: Travel
Modern Gazetteer: or, A Short View of the Several Nations of the World
Record ID 217142
Salmons Grammar
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767)
Genre: Natural Philosophy
Salmon's Geographical Grammar
Confidence level: Certain
Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767)
Genre: Natural Philosophy
A new geographical and historical grammar: wherein the geographical part is truly modern; and the present state of the several Kingdoms of the world is so interspersed, as to render the study of geography both entertaining and instructive, Containing, I. A Description of the Figure and Motion of the Earth. II. Geographical Definitions and Problems, being a necessary introduction to this study. III. A general division of the Globe into Land and Water. IV. The situation and extent of the several countries contained in each quarter of the world: their cities, chief towns, history, present state, respective forms of government, forces, revenues, taxes, revolutions, and memorable events. Together with An account of the Air, Soil, Produce, Traffic, Curiosities, Arms, Religion, Language, Universities, Bishoprics, Manners, Customs, Habits, and Coins, in use in the several Kingdoms and States described. By Mr Salmon. Illustrated with a new set of Maps of the Countries described, and other Copper-Plates, ten whereof were not in any former edition. A new edition, with large additions, which bring the history down to the present time.
Language: English . Published: Edinburgh. Date of publication: 1767. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: 2
ESTC: T69008
Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767)
Genre: Natural Philosophy
New Geographical and Historical Grammar
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Thomas Salmon (Male, born 1679, died 1767), Genre: Natural Philosophy
Record ID 217145
Schefferus de re vehiculari
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679)
Genre: History
Schefferus de re vehiculari
Confidence level: Certain
Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679)
Genre: History
Joannis Schefferi Argentoratensis De re vehiculari veterum libri duo : accedit Pyrrhi Ligorii. V.C. De vehiculis fragmentum nunquam ante publicatum ex bibliogtheca Sereniss. Reg. Christinæ cum ejusdem I. Schefferi Arg. annotationibus
Language: Latin . Published: Frankfurt. Date of publication: 1671. Format: 4to.
Number of borrowings: 1
Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679)
Genre: History
De Re Vehiculari Veterum
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679), Genre: History
Record ID 217148
Schefferus de re navali
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679)
Genre: History
Schefferus de re navali
Confidence level: Certain
Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679)
Genre: History
Joannis Schefferi ... De militia navali veterum libri quatuor, etc
Language: Latin . Published: Uppsala. Date of publication: 1654. Format: 4to.
Number of borrowings: 1
Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679)
Genre: History
De Militia Navali Veterum
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Johannes Scheffer (Male, born 1621, died 1679), Genre: History
Record ID 217151
Middleton's Life of Cicero
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Conyers Middleton (Male, born 1683, died 1750)
Genre: Lives
Middleton's Life of Cicero
Confidence level: Likely
Conyers Middleton (Male, born 1683, died 1750)
Genre: Lives
The history of the life of Marcus Tullius Cicero. In three volumes. By Conyers Middleton, D. D. Principal Library-Keeper of the University of Cambridge.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1742. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: 12
ESTC: T125495
Conyers Middleton (Male, born 1683, died 1750)
Genre: Lives
History of the Life of Marcus Tullius Cicero
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Conyers Middleton (Male, born 1683, died 1750), Genre: Lives
Record ID 217154
Valerius Maximus
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Valerius Maximus (Male)
Genre: Belles Lettres
Valerius Maximus
Confidence level: Certain
Valerius Maximus (Male)
Genre: Belles Lettres
Valerius Maximi Exemplorum memorabilium libri novem
Language: Latin . Published: Paris. Date of publication: 1679. Format: 4to.
Number of borrowings: 1
Valerius Maximus (Male)
Genre: Belles Lettres
Libri Novem Factorum Dictorumque Memorabilium
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Valerius Maximus (Male), Genre: Belles Lettres
Record ID 217157
Terenti com. Not. Bent.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Aesop (Male, born c.BCE620, died BCE564), Syrus Publilius (Male), Terence (Male)
Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Drama, Genre: Fiction
Terentius cum notis Bentleii
Confidence level: Certain
Aesop (Male, born c.BCE620, died BCE564), Syrus Publilius (Male), Terence (Male)
Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Drama, Genre: Fiction
Publii Terentii Afri comoediae, Phaedri fabulae Aesopiae, Publii Syri et aliorum veterum sententiae, ex recensione et cum notis Richard Bentleii.
Language: Latin . Published: Cambridge. Date of publication: 1726. Format: 4to.
Editors: Bentley, Richard, 1662-1742.
Number of borrowings: 6
ESTC: T147530
Aesop (Male, born c.BCE620, died BCE564), Syrus Publilius (Male), Terence (Male)
Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Drama, Genre: Fiction
Publii Terentii Afri Comoediae : Phaedri Fabulae Aesopiae, Publii Syri et aliorum Veterum Sententiae
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Aesop (Male, born c.BCE620, died BCE564), Syrus Publilius (Male), Terence (Male), Genre: Belles Lettres, Genre: Drama, Genre: Fiction
Publii Terentii Afri Comoediae : Phaedri Fabulae Aesopiae, Publii Syri et aliorum Veterum Sententiae
Record ID 217160
Idim Lib Westerhov vol 1st
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
Westerhavii
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Confidence level: Speculative
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
... Comoediae sex... Commentario perpetuo illustratae. Accedunt interpretes vetustiores Aelius Donatus, Eugraphius, Calphurnius... F. Lindenbruchii observationes... Curavit A.H. Westerhovius...
Language: Latin . Published: The Hague. Date of publication: 1726. Format: 4to. Pagination: 2v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 14 times in 10 borrowing records
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
Comedies [Terence]
Record ID 217163
Pareus Lexicon
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
David Pareus (Male, born 1548, died 1622)
Genre: Reference Works
Pareus Lexicon
Confidence level: Certain
David Pareus (Male, born 1548, died 1622)
Genre: Reference Works
Lexicon criticum, siue Thesaurus linguae Latinae: ex omnibus linguae Latinae classicis authoribus, iurisconsultis, historicis, antiquariis, criticis, oratoribus, & poëtis, aerumnabili plurium annorum labore congestus a Philippo Pareo
Language: Latin . Published: Nuremberg. Date of publication: 1645. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: 2
David Pareus (Male, born 1548, died 1622)
Genre: Reference Works
Lexicon Criticum, Siue Thesaurus Linguae Latinae
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: David Pareus (Male, born 1548, died 1622), Genre: Reference Works
Record ID 217166
Becmanni de origin lat linguae
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Record ID 217169
Buclou Thesaurus ptoras poet
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Record ID 217172
Nieuport's Antiquities
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Record ID 217175
Vossii Gram. Lat
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Record ID 217178
Johnson's Gram. Lat.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Richard Johnson (Male, born c.1656, died 1721)
Genre: Education
Johnson's Grammar Latin
Confidence level: Speculative
Richard Johnson (Male, born c.1656, died 1721)
Genre: Education
Grammatical commentaries: being an apparatus to a new national grammar: by way of animadversion upon the falsities, obscurities, redundancies, and defects of Lilly’s system now in use. In which also many errors of the most eminent grammarians, ... are corrected, ... With a alphabetical index ... By Richard Johnson M.A.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1706. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: 1
ESTC: T95765
Richard Johnson (Male, born c.1656, died 1721)
Genre: Education
Grammatical Commentaries: Being an Apparatus to a New National Grammar
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Richard Johnson (Male, born c.1656, died 1721), Genre: Education
Grammatical Commentaries: Being an Apparatus to a New National Grammar
Record ID 217181
Port Royal Gram
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Record ID 217184
Dr Prat Gram
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Samuel Prat (Male, born c.1659, died 1723)
Genre: Education
Pratt's Grammar
Confidence level: Certain
Samuel Prat (Male, born c.1659, died 1723)
Genre: Education
Grammatica latina in usum principis juventutis Britannicæ; cum notis, necnon conjecturis, tam veterum, quam aliorum grammaticorum jugitèr, atqui seorsùm, subjunctis. Authore Sam. Prat, S. T. P. Dec. Roffens.
Language: Latin . Published: London. Date of publication: 1722. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: 1
ESTC: T144389
Samuel Prat (Male, born c.1659, died 1723)
Genre: Education
Grammatica Latina in Usum Principis Juventutis Britannicae
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Samuel Prat (Male, born c.1659, died 1723), Genre: Education
Record ID 217187
Collection of Travels
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Record ID 217190
Hermes
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
James Harris (Male, born 1709, died 1780)
Genre: Education
Hermes
Confidence level: Likely
James Harris (Male, born 1709, died 1780)
Genre: Education
Hermes: or, a philosophical inquiry concerning language and universal grammar.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1751. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 9 times in 8 borrowing records
ESTC: T106496
James Harris (Male, born 1709, died 1780)
Genre: Education
Hermes, or, A Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Universal Grammar
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: James Harris (Male, born 1709, died 1780), Genre: Education
Hermes, or, A Philosophical Inquiry Concerning Universal Grammar
Record ID 217193
Adams on Globes
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Occupation (normalised): Education > Teacher.
George Adams (Male, born 1709, died 1772)
Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge
Adam on Globes
Confidence level: Certain
George Adams (Male, born 1709, died 1772)
Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge
A treatise describing the construction, and Explaining the use, of New Celestial and Terrestrial globes. Designed to illustrate, In the most Easy and Natural Manner, The Phoenomena of the Earth and Heavens, And to shew the Correspondence of the Two Spheres. With a great Variety of Astronomical and Geographical problems. By George Adams, Mathematical Instrument-Maker to His Majesty.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1769. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: 5
ESTC: T53466
George Adams (Male, born 1709, died 1772)
Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge
Treatise Describing and Explaining the Construction and Use of New Celestial and Terrestrial Globes
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: George Adams (Male, born 1709, died 1772), Genre: Practical Arts/Useful Knowledge
Treatise Describing and Explaining the Construction and Use of New Celestial and Terrestrial Globes
Record ID 217196
Trap's Virgil
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Trapp's Virgil
Confidence level: Certain
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
The works of Virgil: translated into English blank verse. With large explanatory notes, and critical observations. By Joseph Trapp D. D. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1731. Format: 12mo.
Translators: Joseph Trapp
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 18 times in 16 borrowing records
ESTC: T139433
Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21)
Genre: Poetry
Works of Virgil
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Virgil (Male, born BCE70-10-15, died BCE19-9-21), Genre: Poetry
Record ID 217199
Heinecius
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Record ID 217202
Gesneri Thesaurus 2 vol
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Guesneri Thesaurus
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1, Volume 2
Record ID 217205
Livy Rudimanni vol 1
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Livy (Male, born c.BCE64, died 12)
Genre: History
Livy Rudimanni
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Confidence level: Certain
Livy (Male, born c.BCE64, died 12)
Genre: History
Titi Livii patavini historiarum ab urbe condita libri qui supersunt· Cum omnium epitomis, ac deperditorum fragmentis: ad optimas editiones castigati, accurante Tho. Ruddimanno, A.M. ...
Language: Latin . Published: Edinburgh. Date of publication: 1752. Format: 12mo.
Editors: Thomas Ruddiman
Number of borrowings: 4
ESTC: N64639
Livy (Male, born c.BCE64, died 12)
Genre: History
History of Rome [Livy]
Borrower: Alexander Adam
Author: Livy (Male, born c.BCE64, died 12), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Record ID 217208
Montesquieu sur l'academie? & Sharp
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Record ID 217211
Francis Horace
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Genre: Poetry
Francis Horace
Confidence level: Very likely
Genre: Poetry
A poetical translation of the works of Horace: with the original text, and notes collected from the best Latin and French commentators on that author. By the Revd Mr. Philip Francis, ... In four volumes.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1747. Format: 12mo.
Translators: Revd. Mr Philip Francis
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 22 times in 17 borrowing records
ESTC: T42740
Genre: Poetry
Works of Horace
Record ID 217214
Terence Westerhov 2vol
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
Terentius Westerhov
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1, Volume 2
Confidence level: Speculative
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
... Comoediae sex... Commentario perpetuo illustratae. Accedunt interpretes vetustiores Aelius Donatus, Eugraphius, Calphurnius... F. Lindenbruchii observationes... Curavit A.H. Westerhovius...
Language: Latin . Published: The Hague. Date of publication: 1726. Format: 4to. Pagination: 2v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 14 times in 10 borrowing records
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
Comedies [Terence]
Record ID 217217
Coleman 2v
Returned: yes.
Alexander Adam
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Teacher.
Life dates: 1741-1809.
Occupation (normalised): Arts and Letters > Author.
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
Coleman
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1, Volume 2
Confidence level: Likely
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
The comedies of Terence, translated into familiar blank verse. By George Colman. In two volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: Dublin. Date of publication: 1766. Format: 12mo. Pagination: 2v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 2 times in 1 borrowing record
ESTC: T137837
Terence (Male)
Genre: Drama
Comedies [Terence]