An Analysis of Scottish Borrowers' Registers
Record ID 222992
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 5
Borrowed: 1781/12/22 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1781/12/22 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Record ID 222995
World Displayed v. 5
Borrowed: 1782/1/12 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Genre: Travel
World Displayed
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Confidence level: Certain
Genre: Travel
The world displayed; or, A curious collection of voyages and travels, selected from the writers of all nations. In which the conjectures and interpolations of several vain editors and translators are expunged, every relation is made concise and plain, and the divisions of countries and kingdoms are clearly and distinctly noted.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1759-1761. Format: 12mo.
Editors: Compiled by Christopher Smart, Oliver Goldsmith and Samuel Johnson; introduction by Samuel Johnson.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 1944 times in 1812 borrowing records
ESTC: T113545
Genre: Travel
World Displayed; or, A Curious Collection of Voyages and Travels, Selected from the Writers of All Nations
Record ID 222998
World Displayed v. 2
Borrowed: 1782/2/9 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Genre: Travel
World Displayed
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Confidence level: Certain
Genre: Travel
The world displayed; or, A curious collection of voyages and travels, selected from the writers of all nations. In which the conjectures and interpolations of several vain editors and translators are expunged, every relation is made concise and plain, and the divisions of countries and kingdoms are clearly and distinctly noted.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1759-1761. Format: 12mo.
Editors: Compiled by Christopher Smart, Oliver Goldsmith and Samuel Johnson; introduction by Samuel Johnson.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 1944 times in 1812 borrowing records
ESTC: T113545
Genre: Travel
World Displayed; or, A Curious Collection of Voyages and Travels, Selected from the Writers of All Nations
Record ID 223001
Plutarch's Lives v. 2
Borrowed: 1782/3/2 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch's Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Confidence level: Speculative
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch’s lives, translated from the original Greek, with notes critical and historical, and a new life of Plutarch.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1774. Format: 8vo.
Editors: Langhorne, John; Langhorne, William
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 333 times in 303 borrowing records
ESTC: N20526
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Lives [Plutarch]
Borrowed: 1782/3/2 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119), Genre: Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Record ID 223004
Plutarch's Lives v. 4
Borrowed: 1782/3/23 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch's Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 4
Confidence level: Speculative
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch’s lives, translated from the original Greek, with notes critical and historical, and a new life of Plutarch.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1774. Format: 8vo.
Editors: Langhorne, John; Langhorne, William
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 333 times in 303 borrowing records
ESTC: N20526
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Lives [Plutarch]
Borrowed: 1782/3/23 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119), Genre: Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 4
Record ID 223007
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 6
Borrowed: 1782/4/27 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 6
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1782/4/27 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 6
Record ID 223010
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 7
Borrowed: 1782/5/11 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 7
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1782/5/11 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 7
Record ID 223013
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 8
Borrowed: 1782/5/25 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 8
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1782/5/25 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 8
Record ID 223016
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 9
Borrowed: 1782/6/8 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 9
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1782/6/8 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 9
Record ID 223019
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 10
Borrowed: 1782/6/22 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
James Gardner
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 10
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1782/6/22 (Saturday).
Borrower: James Gardner
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 10
Record ID 223022
Collection Voyages v. 4
Borrowed: 1781/12/22 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
C Hunter
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Genre: Travel
Collection of Voyages
Volumes borrowed: Volume 4
Confidence level: Likely
Genre: Travel
A Collection of voyages and travels, consisting of authentic writers in our own tongue, which have not before been collected in English, or have only been abridged in other collections. And continued with others of note, that have published histories, voyages, travels, journals or discoveries in other nations and languages. Relating to any part of the continent of Asia, Africa, America, Europe, or the islands thereof, from the earliest account to the present time. Digested according to the parts of the world, to which they particularly relate: with historical introductions to each account, where thought necessary, containing either the lives of their authors, or what else could be discovered and was supposed capable of entertaining and informing the curious reader. And with great variety of cuts, prospects, ruins, maps, and charts. Compiled from the curious and valuable library of the late Earl of Oxford. Interspersed and illustrated with notes. Containing, either a general account of the discovery of those countries, or an abstract of their histories, government, trade, religion, &c. Collected from original papers, letters, charters, letters patents, acts of Parliament, &c. Not to be met with, and proper to explain many obscure passages in other collections of this kind.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1747. Format: folio.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 263 times in 244 borrowing records
ESTC: T147990
Borrowed: 1781/12/22 (Saturday).
Borrower: C Hunter
Genre: Travel
Collection of Voyages and Travels
Volumes borrowed: Volume 4
Record ID 223025
Robertson's Hist Scotland v. 2
Borrowed: 1782/2/9 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
C Hunter
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
William Robertson (Male, born 1721, died 1793)
Genre: History
Robertson's History of Scotland
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Confidence level: Likely
William Robertson (Male, born 1721, died 1793)
Genre: History
The history of Scotland during the reigns of Queen Mary and of King James VI. till his accession to the crown of England. With a review of the Scottish history previous to that period; and an appendix containing Original Papers. In Two Volumes. By William Robertson, D. D. Minister of Lady Yester’s, Edinburgh.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1761. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 359 times in 277 borrowing records
ESTC: T71467
William Robertson (Male, born 1721, died 1793)
Genre: History
History of Scotland During the Reigns of Queen Mary and King James VI
Borrowed: 1782/2/9 (Saturday).
Borrower: C Hunter
Author: William Robertson (Male, born 1721, died 1793), Genre: History
History of Scotland During the Reigns of Queen Mary and King James VI
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Record ID 223028
Collect Voyages v. 6
Borrowed: 1781/12/22 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Genre: Travel
Collection of Voyages
Volumes borrowed: Volume 6
Confidence level: Likely
Genre: Travel
A Collection of voyages and travels, consisting of authentic writers in our own tongue, which have not before been collected in English, or have only been abridged in other collections. And continued with others of note, that have published histories, voyages, travels, journals or discoveries in other nations and languages. Relating to any part of the continent of Asia, Africa, America, Europe, or the islands thereof, from the earliest account to the present time. Digested according to the parts of the world, to which they particularly relate: with historical introductions to each account, where thought necessary, containing either the lives of their authors, or what else could be discovered and was supposed capable of entertaining and informing the curious reader. And with great variety of cuts, prospects, ruins, maps, and charts. Compiled from the curious and valuable library of the late Earl of Oxford. Interspersed and illustrated with notes. Containing, either a general account of the discovery of those countries, or an abstract of their histories, government, trade, religion, &c. Collected from original papers, letters, charters, letters patents, acts of Parliament, &c. Not to be met with, and proper to explain many obscure passages in other collections of this kind.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1747. Format: folio.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 263 times in 244 borrowing records
ESTC: T147990
Borrowed: 1781/12/22 (Saturday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Genre: Travel
Collection of Voyages and Travels
Volumes borrowed: Volume 6
Record ID 223031
World Displayed v. 5
Borrowed: 1782/1/12 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Genre: Travel
World Displayed
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Confidence level: Certain
Genre: Travel
The world displayed; or, A curious collection of voyages and travels, selected from the writers of all nations. In which the conjectures and interpolations of several vain editors and translators are expunged, every relation is made concise and plain, and the divisions of countries and kingdoms are clearly and distinctly noted.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1759-1761. Format: 12mo.
Editors: Compiled by Christopher Smart, Oliver Goldsmith and Samuel Johnson; introduction by Samuel Johnson.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 1944 times in 1812 borrowing records
ESTC: T113545
Genre: Travel
World Displayed; or, A Curious Collection of Voyages and Travels, Selected from the Writers of All Nations
Record ID 223034
Plutarch's Lives v. 4
Borrowed: 1782/2/9 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch's Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 4
Confidence level: Speculative
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch’s lives, translated from the original Greek, with notes critical and historical, and a new life of Plutarch.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1774. Format: 8vo.
Editors: Langhorne, John; Langhorne, William
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 333 times in 303 borrowing records
ESTC: N20526
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Lives [Plutarch]
Borrowed: 1782/2/9 (Saturday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Author: Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119), Genre: Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 4
Record ID 223037
Rollin's Ancient Hist v. 1
Borrowed: 1782/3/2 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Rollin's Ancient History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Confidence level: Speculative
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
The ancient history of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians. By Mr. Rollin, ... Translated from the French. In seven volumes. ...
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo. Pagination: 7v.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 871 times in 851 borrowing records
ESTC: T127048
Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741)
Genre: History
Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians, and Grecians
Borrowed: 1782/3/2 (Saturday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Author: Charles Rollin (Male, born 1661, died 1741), Genre: History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Record ID 223040
Ward's Nat Hist v. 12
Borrowed: 1782/3/25 (Monday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Samuel Ward (Male, died 1790)
Genre: Natural Philosophy
Ward's Natural History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 12
Confidence level: Certain
Samuel Ward (Male, died 1790)
Genre: Natural Philosophy
A modern system of natural history. Containing accurate descriptions, and faithful histories, of animals, vegetables, and minerals. Together with Their Properties, and various Uses in Medicine, Mechanics, Manufactures, &c. Illustrated With a great Variety of Copper-Plates, accurately drawn from Nature, and beautifully engraved. By the Rev. Samuel Ward, Vicar of Cotterstock, cum Glapthorne, Northamptonshire; and others.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1775. Format: 12mo.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 238 times in 234 borrowing records
ESTC: T111259
Samuel Ward (Male, died 1790)
Genre: Natural Philosophy
Modern System of Natural History
Borrowed: 1782/3/25 (Monday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Author: Samuel Ward (Male, died 1790), Genre: Natural Philosophy
Modern System of Natural History
Volumes borrowed: Volume 12
Record ID 223043
L. Plutarch v. 5
Borrowed: 1782/4/27 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Langhorn's Plutarch
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Confidence level: Likely
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Plutarch’s Lives, translated from the original Greek, with notes critical and historical, and a new Life of Plutarch. By John Langhorne, D.D. and William Langhorne, M.A. In six volumes.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1770. Format: 8vo.
Translators: Langhorne, John and Langhorne, William
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 252 times in 163 borrowing records
ESTC: T107379
Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119)
Genre: Lives
Lives [Plutarch]
Borrowed: 1782/4/27 (Saturday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Author: Plutarch (Male, born c.46, died 119), Genre: Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Record ID 223046
Lord Littleton Letters v. 1
Borrowed: 1782/5/11 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779)
Genre: Lives
Lord Littleton Letters
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Confidence level: Speculative
Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779)
Genre: Lives
Letters of the late Lord Lyttelton.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 4 times in 3 borrowing records
ESTC: T119681
Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779)
Genre: Lives
Letters of Lord Lyttelton
Borrowed: 1782/5/11 (Saturday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Author: Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779), Genre: Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 1
Record ID 223049
Lord Littleton Letters v. 2
Borrowed: 1782/5/25 (Saturday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779)
Genre: Lives
Lord Littleton Letters
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Confidence level: Speculative
Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779)
Genre: Lives
Letters of the late Lord Lyttelton.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1780. Format: 8vo.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 4 times in 3 borrowing records
ESTC: T119681
Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779)
Genre: Lives
Letters of Lord Lyttelton
Borrowed: 1782/5/25 (Saturday).
Borrower: G MacLauren
Author: Thomas Lyttelton (Male, born 1744, died 1779), Genre: Lives
Volumes borrowed: Volume 2
Record ID 223052
World Displayed v. 5
Borrowed: 1782/6/5 (Wednesday). Returned: yes.
G MacLauren
Gender: Male.
Occupation (original): Pupil.
Occupation (normalised): Education > School Child.
Genre: Travel
World Displayed
Volumes borrowed: Volume 5
Confidence level: Certain
Genre: Travel
The world displayed; or, A curious collection of voyages and travels, selected from the writers of all nations. In which the conjectures and interpolations of several vain editors and translators are expunged, every relation is made concise and plain, and the divisions of countries and kingdoms are clearly and distinctly noted.
Language: English . Published: London. Date of publication: 1759-1761. Format: 12mo.
Editors: Compiled by Christopher Smart, Oliver Goldsmith and Samuel Johnson; introduction by Samuel Johnson.
Number of borrowings: Volumes associated with this edition were borrowed 1944 times in 1812 borrowing records
ESTC: T113545
Genre: Travel
World Displayed; or, A Curious Collection of Voyages and Travels, Selected from the Writers of All Nations